I Ntelligence Of The Different Social Classes
Of the 1000 children, 492 were classified by their teachers according to
social class into the following five groups: _very inferior_, _inferior_,
_average_, _superior_, and _very superior_. A comparative study was then made of
the distribution of I Q's for these different groups.
The data may be summarized as follows:--
1. The median I Q for children of the superior social class is
about 7 points below, the median I Q of the average social
group. This means that by the age of 14 inferior class children
are about one year below, and superior class children one year
above, the median mental age for all classes taken together.
2. That the children of the superior social classes make a
better showing in the tests is probably due, for the most part,
to a superiority in original endowment. This conclusion is
supported by five supplementary lines of evidence: (a) the
teachers' rankings of the children according to intelligence;
(b) the age-grade progress of the children; (c) the quality
of the school work; (d) the comparison of older and younger
children as regards the influence of social environment; and
(e) the study of individual cases of bright and dull children
in the same family.
3. In order to facilitate comparison, it is advisable to express
the intelligence of children of all social classes in terms of
the same objective scale of intelligence. This scale should be
based on the median for all classes taken together.
4. As regards their responses to individual tests, our children
of a given social class were not distinguishable from children
of the same intelligence in any other social class.
More
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Summary Of Changes
A comparison of the above list with either the Binet 1908 or 1911 series will reveal many changes. On the whole, it differs somewhat more from the Binet 1911 scale than from that of 1908. Thus, of the 49 tests below the "adult" group in the 1911 sc... Superior Adult 1: Vocabulary (seventy-five Definitions 13500 Words)
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PROCEDURE. Problem _a_ is stated as follows:-- _A mother sent her boy to the river and told him to bring back exactly 7 pints of water. She gave him a 3-pint vessel and a 5-pint vessel. Show me how the boy can measure out exactly ... Superior Intelligence (i Q 110 To 120)
Children of this group ordinarily make higher marks and are capable of making somewhat more rapid progress than the strictly average child. Perhaps most of them could complete the eight grades in seven years as easily as the average child does in e... Supplementary Considerations
It would be a mistake to suppose that any set of mental tests could be devised which would give us complete information about a child's native intelligence. There are no tests which are absolutely pure tests of intelligence. All are influenced to a... The Avoidance Of Fatigue
Against the validity of intelligence tests it is often argued that the result of an examination depends a great deal on the time of day when it is made, whether in the morning hours when the mind is at its best, or in the afternoon when it is sup... The Ball-and-field Test (score 2 Inferior Plan)
PROCEDURE. Draw a circle about two and one half inches in diameter, leaving a small gap in the side next the child. Say: "_Let us suppose that your baseball has been lost in this round field. You have no idea what part of the field it is in. You don... The Ball-and-field Test (superior Plan)
PROCEDURE, as in year VIII, test 1. SCORING. Score 3 (or superior plan) is required for passing in year XII. ... The Distribution Of Intelligence
The question as to the manner in which intelligence is distributed is one of great practical as well as theoretical importance. One of the most vital questions which can be asked by any nation of any age is the following: "How high is the average ... The Game Of Patience
MATERIAL. Prepare two rectangular cards, each 2 x 3 inches, and divide one of them into two triangles by cutting it along one of its diagonals. PROCEDURE. Place the uncut card on the table with one of its longer sides to the child. By the side of ... The Importance Of Tact
It goes without saying that children's personalities are not so uniform and simple that we can adhere always to a single stereotyped procedure in working our way into their good graces. Suggestions like the above have their value, but, like rules... The Influence Of Coaching
It might be supposed that after the intelligence scale had been used with a few pupils in a given school all of their fellows would soon be apprised of the nature of the tests, and so learn the correct responses. Experience shows, however, that the... The Intelligence Of Retarded Children Usually Overestimated
One of the most common errors made by the teacher is to overestimate the intelligence of the over-age pupil. This is because she fails to take account of age differences and estimates intelligence on the basis of the child's school performance in th... The Necessity Of Standards
In the first place, in order to judge an individual's intelligence it is necessary to have in mind some standard as to what constitutes normal intelligence. This the ordinary parent or teacher does not have. In the case of school children, for example... The Relation Between I Q And Grade Progress
This comparison, which was made for the entire 1000 children, showed a fairly high correlation, but also some astonishing disagreements. Nine-year intelligence was found all the way from grade 1 to grade 7, inclusive; 10-year intelligence all the ... The Relation Of The I Q To The Quality Of The Child's School Work
The school work of 504 children was graded by the teachers on a scale of five grades: _very inferior_, _inferior_, _average_, _superior_, and _very superior_. When this grouping was compared with that made on the basis of I Q, fairly close agreement... The Use Of The Intelligence Quotient
As elsewhere explained, the mental age alone does not tell us what we want to know about a child's intelligence status. The significance of a given number of years of retardation or acceleration depends upon the age of the child. A 3-year-old child... The Validity Of The Individual Tests
The validity of each test was checked up by measuring it against the scale as a whole in the manner described on p. 55. For example, if 10-year-old children having 11-year intelligence succeed with a given test decidedly better than 10-year-old ch... The Validity Of The Intelligence Quotient
The facts presented above argue strongly for the validity of the I Q as an expression of a child's intelligence status. This follows necessarily from the similar nature of the distributions at the various ages. The inference is that a child's I Q... Three Commissions
PROCEDURE. After getting up from the chair and moving with the child to the center of the room, say: "_Now, I want you to do something for me. Here's a key. I want you to put it on that chair over there; then I want you to shut (or open) that door, ... Tying A Bow-knot
PROCEDURE. Prepare a shoestring tied in a bow-knot around a stick. The knot should be an ordinary "double bow," with wings not over three or four inches long. Make this ready in advance of the experiment and show the child only the completed knot. ... Using A Code
PROCEDURE. Show the subject the code given on the accompanying form. Say: "_See these diagrams here. Look and you will see that they contain all the letters of the alphabet. Now, examine the arrangement of the letters. They go_ (pointing) _a b c, d ... Using Three Words In A Sentence
PROCEDURE The words used are:-- (a) _Boy_, _ball_, _river_. (b) _Work_, _money_, _men_. (c) _Desert_, _rivers_, _lakes_. Say: "_You know what a sentence is, of course. A sentence is made up of some words which say something. Now, I am go... Very Superior Intelligence (i Q 120 To 140)
Children of this group are better than somewhat above average. They are unusually superior. Not more than 3 out of 100 go as high as 125 I Q, and only about 1 out of 100 as high as 130. In the schools of a city of average population only about 1 ch... Vocabulary; Twenty Definitions 3600 Words
PROCEDURE. Use the list of words given in the record booklet. Say to the child: "_I want to find out how many words you know. Listen; and when I say a word you tell me what it means._" If the child can read, give him a printed copy of the word list ... I Ntelligence Of The Different Social Classes
Of the 1000 children, 492 were classified by their teachers according to social class into the following five groups: _very inferior_, _inferior_, _average_, _superior_, and _very superior_. A comparative study was then made of the distribution of I...