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| A traveler in the South chatted with an aged negro, whom he met in the road. "And I suppose you were once a slave?" he remarked. "Yes, suh," the old colored man answered. "And, so, after the war, you gained your freedom," the gentleman ... Read more of Slavery at Free Jokes.ca | Informational Privacy |
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IntelligenceRepeating Six Digits ReversedCorrelation Between I Q And The Teachers' Estimates Of The Children's Intelligence Feeble-mindedness (rarely Above 75 I Q) Sources Of Data Alternative Test 1: Repeating Six Digits Alternative Test: Giving Age Comparison Of Lines Naming Familiar Objects Necessity Of Securing Attention And Effort The Distribution Of Intelligence Using A Code Personality Of The Examiner Copying A Diamond The Ball-and-field Test (score 2 Inferior Plan) Average Intelligence (i Q 90 To 110) Order Of Giving The Tests Getting Into Rapport Alternative Test 1: Naming The Days Of The Week The Game Of Patience Making Change |
Alternative Test 2: Repeating Three Digits ReversedPROCEDURE. The digits used are: 2-8-3; 4-2-7; 5-9-6. The test should be given after, but not immediately after, the tests of repeating digits forwards. Say to the child: "_Listen carefully. I am going to read some numbers again, but this time I want you to say them backwards. For example, if I should say 1-2-3, you would say 3-2-1. Do you understand?_" When it is evident that the child has grasped the instructions, say: "_Ready now; listen carefully, and be sure to say the numbers backwards._" Then read the series at the same rate and in the same manner as in the other digits tests. It is not permissible to re-read any of the series. If the first series is repeated forwards instead of backwards series exhort the child to listen carefully and to be sure to repeat the numbers backwards. SCORING. The test is passed if _one series out of three_ is repeated backwards without error. REMARKS. The test of repeating digits backwards was suggested by Bobertag in 1911, but appears not to have been used or standardized previous to the Stanford investigation. It is very much harder to repeat a series of digits backwards in the direct order at year VII, and six at year X. Reversing the order places three digits in year VII, four in year X, five in year XII, and six in "average adult." Even intelligent adults sometimes have difficulty in repeating six digits backwards, once in three trials. As a test of intelligence this test is better than that of repeating digits in the direct order. It is less mechanical and makes a much heavier demand on attention. The digits must be so firmly fixated in memory that they can be held there long enough to be told off, one by one, backwards. Feeble-minded children find this test especially difficult, perhaps mainly because of its element of novelty. School children are often asked to write numbers dictated by the teacher, and even the very dull acquire a certain proficiency in doing so; but the test of repeating digits backwards requires a certain facility in adjusting to a new task, exactly the sort of thing in which the feeble-minded are so markedly deficient. As a rule the response consumes much more time than in the other digits test. This is particularly true when the series to be repeated backwards contains four or more digits. The chance of success is greatly increased if the subject first thinks the series through two or three times in the direct order before attempting the reverse order. The subject who responds immediately is likely to begin correctly, but to give the first part of the original series in the direct order. For example, 6-5-2-8 is given 8-2-6-5. Sometimes the child gives one or two numbers and then stops, having completely lost the rest of the series in the stress of adjusting to the novel and relatively difficult task of beginning with the final digit. In such cases the feeble-minded are prone to fill in with any numbers they may happen to think of. A good method for the subject is to break the series up into groups and to give each group separately. Thus, 6-5-2-8 is given 8-2 (pause) 5-6. As a rule only the more intelligent subjects adopt this method. One 12-year-old girl attending high school was able to repeat eight digits backwards by the aid of this device. It would be well worth while to investigate the relation of this test to imagery type. Such a study would have to make use of adult subjects trained in introspection. It would seem that success might be favored by the ability to translate the auditory impression into visual imagery, so that the remembered numbers could be read off as from a book; but this may or may not be the case. At any rate, success seems to depend largely upon the ability to manipulate mental imagery. The degree of certainty as to the correctness of the response is usually much less than in repeating digits forwards. Next: The Ball-and-field Test (score 2 Inferior Plan) Previous: Alternative Test 1: Naming The Days Of The Week
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